Trivalent Subunit Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19 and Their Delivery Devices

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for platform technologies enabling rapid development of vaccines emerging viral diseases. current target SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and thus far have shown tremendous efficacy. However, cold-chain distribution, a prime-boost administration schedule, emergence variants concern (VOCs) call diligence in novel vaccine approaches. We studied 13 peptide epitopes from identified three neutralizing that are highly conserved among VOCs. Monovalent trivalent candidates were formulated by chemical conjugation to cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles virus-like particles (VLPs) derived bacteriophage Qβ. Efficacy this approach was validated first using soluble as solo or mixtures subcutaneous injection. high thermal stability our allowed formulation into single-dose injectable slow-release polymer implants, manufactured melt extrusion, well microneedle (MN) patches, obtained through casting micromolds, self-administration. Immunization mice yielded titers antibodies against epitope S protein, data confirms block receptor binding neutralize SARS-CoV infection human cells. present nanotechnology is stable outside can be delivery devices single CPMV Qβ VLPs could stockpiled, exchanged new mutants emergent diseases arises.